【bothofwhom和bothofthem的区别】在英语学习中，"both of whom" 和 "both of them" 这两个短语经常让人感到困惑。虽然它们都表示“两者中的每一个”，但在使用场景和语法结构上有明显区别。以下是对这两个表达的详细对比与总结。
一、基本定义
| 表达 | 含义 | 用法 |
| both of whom | 指代两个人（通常是作为从句中的宾语） | 用于定语从句中，指代人 |
| both of them | 指代两个人（通常作为句子的主语或宾语） | 用于一般句子中，指代人 |
二、语法结构对比
1. both of whom
- 结构：both + of + whom
- 用法：常用于定语从句中，修饰前面提到的两个人。
- 例子：
- The two students, both of whom are from China, won the competition.
- I met two friends, both of whom were surprised to see me.
> 在这些句子中，“both of whom”是定语从句的一部分，用来进一步说明“two students”或“two friends”。
2. both of them
- 结构：both + of + them
- 用法：用于主句中，作为主语或宾语，指代前文提到的两个人。
- 例子：
- They both like coffee.
- I saw them at the park. Both of them were happy.
> 这里，“both of them”直接作为主语或宾语，不需要从句结构。
三、使用场景对比
| 场景 | both of whom | both of them |
| 定语从句中 | ✅ | ❌ |
| 主句中作主语或宾语 | ❌ | ✅ |
| 指代人 | ✅ | ✅ |
| 指代物 | ❌ | ❌ |
四、常见错误
- 错误：The two people, both of them are my cousins.
正确：The two people, both of whom are my cousins.
- 错误：I saw them. Both of whom were tired.
正确：I saw them. Both of them were tired.
五、总结
| 项目 | both of whom | both of them |
| 是否用于定语从句 | ✅ | ❌ |
| 是否用于主句 | ❌ | ✅ |
| 指代对象 | 人 | 人 |
| 结构复杂度 | 较高 | 简单 |
| 适用范围 | 更正式、书面语 | 更口语化、日常使用 |
通过以上对比可以看出，“both of whom”更适用于书面语和正式场合，尤其是在涉及定语从句时；而“both of them”则更常用于日常对话和简单句子中。掌握两者的区别有助于提升英语表达的准确性和自然性。
